ICT LESSON (2)
ALFANUN ICT (ADVANTAGES OF ICT)
1) DUNIYA: ICT ta mamaye duniya duba da yadda take taka rawa bangarori daban-daban musamman wajen sadarwa. Idan zakayi saqo alokacin da sai kaje gareji ka biya kudin kujera kafin akai maka inda kake bukata, wani lokaci saqonka ya salwanta, amma yanzu kana dakinka sai kashiga Email ko SMS dinka ka tura saqo nan-da-nan sakon ka zai isa inda kake bukatar yaje.
2) INGANTA SANA’O’I: Fannin kasuwanci kuwa kullun riba akeci babu qaqqautawa, da taimakon ICT ake qirqiran shafin yanar gizo, zaka tallata hajarka cikin wannan shafin kana gida ko shago wani dan kasar waje zaiga tallarka ya bukaci kayan, ka bashi account number nan take ya biyaka, misali idan ka iya graphics design sai ka bude shafin tallata basirarka, wani zai tura maka hoton sa ka masa design ka turo masa ta whatsApp ko Facebook da sauransu, ya kuma biyaka, alhalin bakusan juna ba amma kunyi harqalla cikin kankanin lokaci.
3) SADARWA: Bangaren sadarwa ICT tayi zarra sosai musamman bangaren wayar salula, mutun na America ko Saudiya zakaji muryarsa Kaman yana kusa dakai, haka idan mukazo bangaren Talabijin zakaga kana kallon labarai kai tsaye daga inda abu ke faruwa, kahama bagaren yanar gizo-gizo kuma irinsu Facebook, Twitter, Telegram, WhatsApp da sauransu zakaga da zaran abu ya faru ko yana faruwa a wani waje nan-da-nan zakaji ya mamaye ko’ina saboda kafar sadarwa, wannan duk da taimakon ICT.
4) ADANA KO KUMA KARE BAYANAI: ICT na kokari wajen anada dukkan bayabai, misali lokacin CENSUS an kwashi bayanan mutanen yan Nigeria baki dayansu amma cikin dan wani na’ura irinsu Flash-Drive aka adanasu ciki, haka kuma ICT na taimakawa wajen hana yin kutse don gane wani bayanan sirri da bakason asani ko sace kudi daga asusun banki.
5) SAMAR DA AIKIN YI: ICT ta samar da aikinyi a duniya baki daya, misali kamar masu Web Design, Graphics Design, masu Software da hardware da sauransu. Wannan cigaba yakai ga idan zaka gina gida kana bukatar Architect wato me zanen gida da sauransu.
RASHIN ALFANUN ICT (DISADVANTAGES OF ICT)
1) SAMUN DAMAR BATA BAYANAI: ICT ta kawo sauqi wajen gurgunta ko bata duk wani bayani mai anfani musamman wajen bangaren hacking, cikin sauqi sai ayi hacking shafinka ba tare da kaba da dam aba. Sabon ilmin yin haka ya yawaita ko’ina a fadin duniya.
2) RASHIN AIKIN YI: Kamar yadda mukayi bayani a baya cewa ICT ta taimaka wajen samun aiki, hakanan kuma ta taimaka wajen rashin aikin yi ma wasu. Misali, Abaya Idan zaka shiga banki sai wani ya rika bin ka da na’uran binciken duk wani dangin karfe, amma yanzu sai aka inganta wannan yanayi, kana danna wata na’ura saita bude maka qofa kana tsakiya idan kana dauke da wata karfe sai yaqi budewa, zai kuma ya sanar dakai cewa duk wani dangin qarfe dake tare dakai saika cire sannan ka shiga, kaga anan mutumin dake wannan aiki abaya yanzu bayanan, har’ila yau idan zaka cire kudin ka a banki abaya saika cika wani WITHDRAWAL SLIP kabi layi sai wasu su biyaka amma yanzu sai aka qirqiri ATM machine kana saka ATM card sai ka bashi umurni abin da kakeson cirewa nan take sai ya biyaka cikin dan kankanin lokaci, kaga mutumin dake biyan kudi manually abaya yanzu qalilanne.
3) SIRRI: Yanzu a duniyar yanar gizo ana samun bayanai cikin sauqi amma saikuma ababe suka zama babu sirri, nan da nan sai kaga anyi hacking Facebook Account din ka, saboda lambar wayanka na bayyane, email dinka na bayyane, hotonka na bayyane da sauransu, haka idan batagari/kidnapers suka samu bayananka cikin sauqi sai kaji sun sallama cikin gidanka nan take sai a nemeka a rasa saboda sun smu bayani akanka da inda kake zaune da sauransu. Allah ya karemu.
4) JAJIRCEWA WAJEN AIKI: A halin yanzu idan baka jajircewa wajen aikin ka bangaren ilmin zamani to sannu a hankali zaka rasa kujeranka, saboda kullun sabbin ababe qara fitowa sukeyi, haka a Asibiti idan kana takamar kai babban likitane, ka shekara 30 kana aikin likitanci, wani dan kankanin yaro zai dokeka saboda yana da ilmin zamani. Idan mutum baya da lafiya sai ka taba jikinsa kaji ko yayi zafi, amma a wannan zamanin likita na kallonka sai kaji yanace akaika immergency, ciwonka na bukatar kula ta gaggawa, sai kace boka. Haka bangaren tsaro yanzo akwai wasu Jami’an tsaro wadanda da sun kalleka sun san baka da gaskiya, saboda sun samu horo bangaren halayen dan Adam wato (Psychologist).
5) BATA AL’ADA: Kafin zuwan ICT al’adun mu na tafiya dai dai yanda ya kamata, amma yanzu an samu gurbacewar/tabarbarewar al’adu musamman wajen sanya sutura, abaya dan BAHAUSHE bazai iya yawo babu HULA a kansa ba amma yanzu yakaiga har masallaci zakaga duwawun mutun yana bayyana wajen yin Ibada. Haka yan mata, a zamin baya Hijabi wajibi ne amma yanzu yafa gyale yakan zama wahala garesu. Kaha a makarantun mu na Boko a Arewa sai kaga an hade maza da mata cikin Aji guda, kai har Aure akeyi wato a saka mace tsakiyan maza akan kujera guda, Allah ya shiryi Malam bahaushen karshen zamani.
ICT SUN KASU KASHI HUDU
1) Broadcasting
2) Telecommunication
3) Data Network
4) Information System
BROADCASTING: Wato wani tsarin watsa shirye shirye ne, irinsu wasan kwaikwayo, ko magana a rediyo ko talabijin.
TELECOMMUNICATION: Wani tsari ne na watsa bayanai ta nau'ikan fasaha daban -daban akan waya, rediyo ko wasu hanyoyin lantarki da sauransu.
DATA NETWORK: Tsari ne da aka ƙera don canja wurin bayanai daga wurin shiga cibiyar sadarwa zuwa ɗaya ko fiye da wuraren samun hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sauya bayanai, layin watsawa, da sarrafa tsarin.
INFORMATION SYSTEM: Tsarin kwamfuta ne wanda ke saita abubuwan tattarawa, ƙirƙira, adanawa, sarrafawa, da rarraba bayanai, galibi sun haɗa da hardware da software.
MENENE TSARIN SADARWA (COMMUNICATION SYSTEM)
Communication System (Tsarin sadarwa) shine tsarin da ke bayyana musayar sadarwa tsakanin tashoshi biyu, mai watsawa da mai karɓa. Sigina ko bayanai suna wucewa ne daga tushe zuwa manufa ta tashoshi.
Wannan darasi zai mana bayanin yadda bayanai ke kai-komo a da taimakon na’urorin zamani. Kuma wasu irin alama wadannan na’urorin ke dashi wanda zamu iya banbancesu da sauransu.
MENENE TASHAR SADARWA (COMMUNICATION CHANNEL)
A BANGAREN NA’URA MAI KWAKWALWA
Communication Channel ita ce hanyar da ake amfani da ita wajen safarar bayanai daga na’urar sadarwa zuwa wani. Tashoshin da aka aika suna jigilar bayanai ta hanyar kebul ko wayoyi (wired channel). Tashoshi mara waya (wireless channel) suna jigilar bayanai daga wata na'ura zuwa wata ba tare da amfani da kebul ko wayoyi ba.
A BANGAREN ICT
Communication Channel hanya ce da ake aika bayanai daga wuri guda zuwa wani wuri. A daruruwa ko dubban Shekarun baya idan za’ayi sanarwa sedai a tada hayaqi ko kuma a kunna wuta akan tsauni saboda wadanda ke nesa susan cewa wani abu na faruwa wannan yanki.
A wannan bigire kuwa zamuyi bayanai saboda akwai adadin nau'ikan hanyoyin sadarwa daban -daban kamar yadda aka lissafa a ƙasa:
1) Face-to-face conversations: Wato tattaunawa na ido-da-ido ko kuma ince na qeqe-da-qeqe, yawancin makarantu musamman na primary suna anfani da wannan hanyar sadarwar, misali; PTA meeting da sauransu, zakaga Headmaster, malamai da iyayen yara zasu zauna su tattauna abubuwan zai kawo ci gaba a makaranta.
Hakanan Kanfanoni suma suna zama walau kowace karshen mako, wata to shekara domin jin abin da Customers ke kokawa kokuma jin koken ma’aikata da sauransu.
2) Videoconferencing: Wannan taro ne na bidiyo kai tsaye tsakanin mutane biyu ko fiye a wurare daban-daban ta amfani da na'urori irinsu talabijin (TV) ko kuma wayar salula.
3) Audio conferencing: Taro ne wanda ake anfani da sauti inda mutane biyu ko fiye da biyu a wurare daban -daban ke amfani da fasahar sadarwa don yin kiran waya tsaye.
4) Emails: Haka kuma ta email za’a iya tura sakonni zuwa wurare daban-daban cikin kankanin lokaci, kuma sannu a hakali zamu kawo muku sunayen email kala-kala dakuma yadda suka banbanta da juna.
5) Written letters and memos: Rubuta wasiku da rubuce-rubuce a litatafai qanana suna anfani wajen sadarwa, misali, ana rubuta wasika don sanar da jama’a wani bukukuwa to taro, haka shima Memo ana tsara butu akansa kananan littafi wajen tallata Haja ko isar da sako ko campaign da sauransu.
6) Chats and messaging: Idan muka koma sashin sakonnin wayoyi wato SMS ko kuma chatting wanda yanzu yawancin matasa da yanmata ke anfani dashi wajen musayar ra’ayi irinsu WhatsApp, Facebook, Telegram, Eskimi, Linkedin da sauransu ana anfani dasu wajen isar da sako cikin sauqi.
7) Blogs: Ta shafin yanar gizo-gizo ana samun labarai kuma ana isar da sako da wasu muhimman bayanai
8) Formal written documents
9) Spreadsheets da sauransu.
MENENE RECEIVER
Receiver shine na'urar da ke karɓar siginar da masu aikawa suka aika ta kuma sarrafasu ta sigar da mutane ke fahimta.
MENENE SIGINA (SIGNAL)
Sigina wata alama ce wadda take anfani da wutan lantarki wanda ake amfani da shi don ɗaukar bayanai daga wata na'ura ko hanyar sadarwa zuwa wani.
Ana iya anfani dashi a bangarori kamar:
1) Sadarwa
2) Kwamfuta
3) Networking
4) Na'urorin lantarki
Alamar na iya zama Analog ko Digital.
Yawanci, ana ƙirƙirar sigina lokacin da aka aika umarni ko bayanai zuwa na’ura. Hakanan yana anfani da na’ura dake anfani da wutan lantarki, amma galibi ya danganta, walau sigina na dauke da bayanan analog ne ko dijital.
MENENE BANBANCI TSAKANIN DIJITAL (DIGITAL) DA ANALOG?
Analog alama ce mai ci gaba da wanzuwa wacce ke wakiltar ma'aunin jiki, wato lamba a rubuce din-din-din sai dai juyawa kawai yakeyi. Misali, a gidan mai akwai wani injin me anfani da irin wannan alama.
Wannan shine Analog Machine
Dijital (Digital) wata alamar lambobi ne me canzawa a kowani daqiqa kuma baya tabuwa saboda ba’a rubuce yake din-din-din ba kamar Analog.
MENENE TRANSMITTER
Transmitter shine na'urar lantarki da ake amfani da shi wajen sadarwa don samar da sifuri don watsawa ko aika bayanai tare da taimakon eriya. Bugu da qari shi transmitter yana taimakawa ne wajen ketarar da bayanai daga waje zuwa waje. Zamu iya yin misali da Jahar Zamfara, an tsinka ko kuma ince an kashe transmitter sadarwa ne shiyasanya babu wanda ke da ikon samun damar anfani da network a wannan yanki. Kunga ashe Transmitter babban JIGO ne a bangaren sadarwa.
Wannan shine misalin Transmitter
WHAT IS GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)
Geographical Information System wani tsarin kwamfuta ne don daukan hoto, adanawa, dubawa, da nuna bayanan da suka danganci matsayi a farfajiyar Duniya.
Daruruwan dubban kungiyoyi a kusan kowane fanni suna amfani da GIS don yin taswira da ke sadarwa, yin bincike, raba bayanai, da warware matsaloli masu rikitarwa a duniya.
GIS zai iya nuna nau'ikan bayanai daban -daban akan taswira ɗaya, kamar tituna, gine -gine, da ciyayi. Wannan yana ba mutane damar sauƙin gani, bincika, da fahimtar Tsare-tsare da dangantakar abubuwa.
Fasahar GIS wani muhimmin sashi ne na kayan aikin bayanai na sararin samaniya, "fasaha, manufofi, ƙa'idodi, albarkatun ɗan adam, da ayyukan da ke da alaƙa don samun, aiwatarwa, rarra0++bawa, amfani, kulawa, da adana bayanan sararin samaniya."
GIS na iya amfani da kowane bayanin da ya haɗa da wuri. Ana iya bayyana wurin ta hanyoyi daban -daban, kamar latitude da longitude, adireshi, ko lambar ZIP.
Za'a iya kwatanta nau'ikan bayanai da yawa ta amfani da GIS. Tsarin na iya haɗawa da bayanai game da mutane, kamar yawan jama'a, samun kudin shiga, ko matakin ilimi.
Zai iya haɗawa da bayanai game da yanayin ƙasa, kamar wurin rafuffuka, nau'ikan ciyayi iri -iri, da nau'ikan ƙasa daban -daban. Yana iya haɗawa da bayanai game da shafukan masana'antu, gonaki, da makarantu, ko magudanan ruwa, hanyoyi, da layin wutar lantarki.
Tare da fasahar GIS, mutane na iya kwatanta wuraren abubuwa daban -daban don gano yadda suke alaƙa da juna. Misali, ta amfani da GIS, taswira guda ɗaya na iya haɗawa da rukunin yanar gizon da ke samar da gurɓataccen iska, kamar masana'antu, da shafuka waɗanda ke kula da gurɓataccen iska, kamar dausayi da koguna. Irin wannan taswirar zai taimaka wa mutane su tantance inda wadatattun ruwa ke cikin haɗari.
Shin ko ka taba anfani da Google Map? Zakayi mamakin yadda zaka rubuta wurin da kake son zuwa, a take google Map zai fayyace maka hanya, ya fada maka nisan wurin daga in kake, ya kuma fada maka sa’oi nawa zakayi a kafa, a mota ko kuma am babur.
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